Read Online The Ends of the World: Volcanic Apocalypses, Lethal Oceans, and Our Quest to Understand Earth's Past Mass Extinctions By Peter Brannen
Read The Ends of the World: Volcanic Apocalypses, Lethal Oceans, and Our Quest to Understand Earth's Past Mass Extinctions By Peter Brannen
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Ebook About One of Vox’s Most Important Books of the DecadeNew York Times Editors' Choice 2017Forbes Top 10 Best Environment, Climate, and Conservation Book of 2017As new groundbreaking research suggests that climate change played a major role in the most extreme catastrophes in the planet's history, award-winning science journalist Peter Brannen takes us on a wild ride through the planet's five mass extinctions and, in the process, offers us a glimpse of our increasingly dangerous future Our world has ended five times: it has been broiled, frozen, poison-gassed, smothered, and pelted by asteroids. In The Ends of the World, Peter Brannen dives into deep time, exploring Earth’s past dead ends, and in the process, offers us a glimpse of our possible future.Many scientists now believe that the climate shifts of the twenty-first century have analogs in these five extinctions. Using the visible clues these devastations have left behind in the fossil record, The Ends of the World takes us inside “scenes of the crime,” from South Africa to the New York Palisades, to tell the story of each extinction. Brannen examines the fossil record—which is rife with creatures like dragonflies the size of sea gulls and guillotine-mouthed fish—and introduces us to the researchers on the front lines who, using the forensic tools of modern science, are piecing together what really happened at the crime scenes of the Earth’s biggest whodunits.Part road trip, part history, and part cautionary tale, The Ends of the World takes us on a tour of the ways that our planet has clawed itself back from the grave, and casts our future in a completely new light.Book The Ends of the World: Volcanic Apocalypses, Lethal Oceans, and Our Quest to Understand Earth's Past Mass Extinctions Review :
As I read The Ends of the World, I repeatedly found myself asking, "how have I never heard about most of this before?" The material in this book is incredible. It is the history of our world, and it's a shame that we don't grow up learning about much other than the dinosaurs going extinct. Peter Brannen solves that problem, by writing a book that is packed with the scientific history of our planet that is remarkably readable, and quite funny as well. The content approaches text book level, but it reads like a novel. Brannen paints vivid pictures of creatures and atmospheric events alike that demonstrate his profound literary abilities (it's hard to believe this is his first book). It is also incredibly insightful... in addition to covering the entire earth's history, he examines our current state, and what the future may have in store for us humans. Read it. Learn. Enjoy. Peter Brannen is an extremely gifted science writer in the tradition of the venerable Richard Dawkins and much wittier than Stephen J. Gould. He provides here an excellent overview of our current thinking on prehistoric mass extinction events.The basic concepts (such as the carbon cycle) are well explained, down to the appropriate level of detail: there really is no need to descend into astrophysical details and try to explain why the early Sun was faint, and the many scientific uncertainties and counterviews are highlighted. More importantly the author presents all this with a 'helicopter view', never losing sight of the whole, something professional scientists (like myself) struggle with mightily when communicating their findings. He also includes lots of funny anecdotes, making this just a terrific page-turner. The whole story reads like a thriller where few of the protagonists die peacefully of old age and evidence against the suspects and what weapons they used is well explained, and which all ends well with us triumphant humans appearing in the final chapter to enjoy the show. If you think that great writers only write novels, do read this book instead. It is quite US-centered, with Americans even appropriating the cause for the first extinction with the rise of the Appalachians, but it all fits the intrigue.What I came away with is that only the earliest mass extinction- the one that ended the Devonian- is believed to have occurred directly by climate change (cooling). Life has since evolved to become much more robust, occupying a bewildering variety of niches and able to weather a wide range of climates- merely laughing at the 'recent' Ice Ages. Subsequent extinctions after that Devonian event required more sudden perturbations, like volcanoes and meteorites, and the wild CO2 swings that accompanied these just made things worse. I especially like the view that a large meteorite initiated the extinction of almost all dinosaurs (read the book if you still believe that all dinosaurs went away), but that this also caused Earth's magma to slosh around, helping a hotspot to pierce through India, which was just moving over it.Now where things get tricky is that this book is written in an era of heated debate over anthropogenic CO2, but that is not what the book is primarily about. What few fail to appreciate is that today's greenhouse gases are likely to greatly affect human civilization, but much less so all other life forms. So saying that the Paris agreement attempts to 'save the Planet' is therefore somewhat misleading. Coastal areas will disappear, but places like Canada and Siberia will much better support agriculture to feed us (which the FAO says should increase productivity threefold this century). Yet of course there is the ominous risk of hitting 'tipping points', so count me in as a climate worrier. Still, I would be much more concerned about an immediate return to the next Ice Age (again, this possibility is well discussed in the book). Also, we won't be pushing CO2 levels to the 30,000 ppm or so seen in the past (todays counter just passed 400). A massive extinction event is in fact ongoing (though not as bad as previous ones), but we are causing that by habitat destruction (appropriating Earth's surface for agriculture and building cities)- changing our climate has not much to do with it. I suspect Mother Nature is just waiting for us humans to go away to resume business as usual- from Her perspective, humanity's demise (through global warming or otherwise) is actually a boon for The Planet.Like I said, all this is a subtle discussion, and this book provides an excellent, well informed and well explained background to this. What is somewhat surprising is that human overpopulation, the elephant in the room, is not discussed. There is just no way Planet Earth can both maintain its biodiversity and 10 billion people, and this is a delicate discussion omitted from this book. 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